Hive - SELECT(WHERE / ORDER BY / GROUP BY)

Syntax

SELECT 구문은 다음과 같은 Syntax를 가진다.

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] select_expr, select_expr, ... 
FROM table_reference 
[WHERE where_condition] 
[GROUP BY col_list] 
[HAVING having_condition] 
[CLUSTER BY col_list | [DISTRIBUTE BY col_list] [SORT BY col_list]] 
[LIMIT number];

Example - WHERE

Let us take an example for SELECT…WHERE clause. Assume we have the employee table as given below, with fields named Id, Name, Salary, Designation, and Dept. Generate a query to retrieve the employee details who earn a salary of more than Rs 30000.

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     |
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     |
|1204  | Krian        | 40000       | Hr Admin          | HR     |
|1205  | Kranthi      | 30000       | Op Admin          | Admin  | 
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

The following query retrieves the employee details using the above scenario:

hive> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE salary>30000;

On successful execution of the query, you get to see the following response:

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     |
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     |
|1204  | Krian        | 40000       | Hr Admin          | HR     |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

Example - ORDER BY

Let us take an example for SELECT...ORDER BY clause. Assume employee table as given below, with the fields named Id, Name, Salary, Designation, and Dept. Generate a query to retrieve the employee details in order by using Department name.

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     |
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     |
|1204  | Krian        | 40000       | Hr Admin          | HR     |
|1205  | Kranthi      | 30000       | Op Admin          | Admin  |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

The following query retrieves the employee details using the above scenario:

hive> SELECT Id, Name, Dept FROM employee ORDER BY DEPT;

On successful execution of the query, you get to see the following response:

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
|1205  | Kranthi      | 30000       | Op Admin          | Admin  |
|1204  | Krian        | 40000       | Hr Admin          | HR     |
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     |
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

Example - GROUP BY

Let us take an example of SELECT…GROUP BY clause. Assume employee table as given below, with Id, Name, Salary, Designation, and Dept fields. Generate a query to retrieve the number of employees in each department.

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ 
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ 
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     | 
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     | 
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     | 
|1204  | Krian        | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     | 
|1205  | Kranthi      | 30000       | Op Admin          | Admin  |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

The following query retrieves the employee details using the above scenario.

hive> SELECT Dept,count(*) FROM employee GROUP BY DEPT;

On successful execution of the query, you get to see the following response:

+------+--------------+ 
| Dept | Count(*)     | 
+------+--------------+ 
|Admin |    1         | 
|PR    |    2         | 
|TP    |    3         | 
+------+--------------+

참조 : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/hive/hiveql_select_where.htm